Ethical Values in Business Essay

The corporate world †a vital piece of our lives, the spirit of a country’s monetary development, a world loaded up with hustle †clamor 24*7, a world that produces work for consistently individual you meet†¦ But, unfortunately, it is additionally the residence of intensity games and injustice and this is the motivation behind why a gander at ‘ETHICS AND VALUES IN BUSNIESS’ is basic and pertinent. Business has made riches that has given an extraordinary number of individuals’ monetary control of their lives. It has extended a person’s skyline limitlessly, separated every distinguishable hindrance. To put it plainly, business has been a main player in making it feasible for millions to seek after their lives in a well off, solid, objective and energizing world. However no other human foundation has been so tormented by doubts of corruption. â€Å"Business ethics,† the old joke goes, â€Å"Isn’t that a logical inconsistency in terms?† Business morals is a type of the craft of applied morals that looks at moral standards and good or moral issues that can emerge in a business situation. In the undeniably heart centered commercial centers of the 21st century, the interest for progressively moral business procedures and activities ~ Ethicism, is expanding. All the while, pressure is applied on industry to improve business morals through new open activities and laws. This paperâ takes a look into the ventures that have demonstrated that there is space for morals and qualities in business. Perceive how moral corporates as of now are and how their morals encourage them to be pioneers in their industry. Extent OF THIS PAPER: Getting morals and the idea of Business Ethics Impact of morals in the ï‚ § Manufacturing Sector ï‚ § Education Sector ï‚ § IT/ITES and BPO Sector ï‚ § Food Industry ï‚ § Media and Advertising Cases and Examples Presentation The corporate world †a necessary piece of our lives, the spirit of a country’s financial development, a world loaded up with hustle †clamor 24*7, a world that produces work for consistently individual you meet†¦ But, unfortunately, it is likewise the residence of intensity games and treachery and this is the motivation behind why a gander at ‘ETHICS AND VALUES IN BUSNIESS’ is basic and applicable. Of the Institutions that have added to the nature of human life, business positions with science, craftsmanship, and instruction. Business has made the riches that has given phenomenal quantities of individuals’ money related control of their lives. It has extended vastly the scope of merchandise and enterprises accessible to people. It has separated innumerable centuriesold obstructions of racial, sexual, strict, and ethnic partiality. Also, it has been the vehicle for endless quantities of people to build up their fullest possibilities in accomplishing their fantasies. To put it plainly, business has been a central player in making it workable for millions to seek after their lives in an affluent, sound, normal and energizing world. However no other human organization has been so tormented by doubts of unethical behavior. â€Å"Business ethics,† the old joke goes, â€Å"Isn’t that a logical inconsistency in terms?† The validity of the term ‘Business Ethics’ has come into question, lately as ‘business ethics’ is progressively being viewed as a confusing expression. It is by and large accepted that business and morals can't exist together and associations are said to blossom with dishonest practices. Business morals, as a long way from being an inconsistency in wording, has gotten one of the most significant regions of administrative fitness and duty. The morals question warrantsâ exploration on a few levels: 1. At the large scale level: concentrating on the moral rightness of the framework. 2. At the corporate-level: centering the choices that sway others. 3. At the individual-level: inside an element. The significant issues in business morals can be grouped into four territories: The connection among business and purchasers The connection among bosses and workers The nature and estimation of extraordinary types of business organizationâ€most remarkably, that of the enterprise The nature and estimation of monetary markets The issue of the best possible extent of government guideline cuts over these four classes. Incidental issues, for example, squander removal (â€Å"the environment†) and putting resources into ethically questionable remote countries, (for example, Communist China or Iraq) are frequently bantered in the business morals writing, however are fundamentally issues of political hypothesis thus don't fit into the above business morals classifications. Changing Corporate Landscape Expanding number of Corporate Scandals Concern towards the riches creation process ï‚ § It’s Mr.Clean versus Ms Controversial (12/7/2007) BJP smells a trick in wheat import contracts (12/7/2007) Sweet and Sour: Light on calories, light on esteem? (23/6/2007) Fresh fight: China makes light of sanitation inconveniences (14/6/2007) BP CEO stops over embarrassment (02/05/2007) Siemens CEO, hounded by pay off issue, stops (26/4/2007) Nasdaq organizer Macklin dead (02/02/2007) Siemens boss stops as co faces pay off, debasement accusations (21/4/2007) CFOs discover it ‘ suffocating’ nowadays (29/1/2007) Ex-Cendant executive gets more than 12 years in prison (19/01/2007) ~Source: Economic Times, Mumbai ïÆ'Ëœ According to a specials report in Times of India; It is offensive that the destitution proportion is 28% (as indicated by an ongoing government gauge) after 50 years of autonomy. Why so? It is on the grounds that, in spite of spending huge aggregates, the legislature has flopped grimly to give each town with the nuts and bolts of development. BUSINESS ETHICS The idea of Business Ethics has come to mean different things to different individuals, however for the most part it’s coming to realize what it right or wrong in the working environment and doing what’s right - this is as to impacts of items/administrations and involved with partners. Proviso emptor: This old Latin precept let the purchaser be careful, discloses to us that business morals has been a cultural concern returning far without a doubt. Morals isn't a definite science. Individuals characterize Ethics as per their own arrangement of qualities which vary contingent upon time, spot and culture. Webster’s characterizes Ethics as â€Å"the discipline managing what is acceptable and awful or good and bad or with moral obligation and obligation.† The word gets from the Greek word meaning â€Å"moral,† a Latin word with establishes in â€Å"mores† or â€Å"customs†Ã¢â‚¬in different words the qualities held by society. Business Ethics is a type of the craft of applied morals that analyzes moral standards and good or moral issues that can emerge in a business domain. In the undeniably soul centered commercial centers of the 21st century, the interest for progressively moral business procedures and activities ~ Ethicism, is expanding. All the while, pressure is applied on industry to improve business morals through new open activities and laws. The most straightforward meaning of morals and virtues would be to not recognize the two and state that they depict what is correct and what's up in human conduct and what should be. Business morals are the ideal standards of conduct solely managing business exchanges. Virtues are profound situated thoughts and sentiments that show themselves as conduct or lead. In the event that we know the outcomes of our activities we can change over qualities into decides of conduct that would then be able to be depicted as morals, i.e, Values + Knowledge = Ethics In the business world, morals frequently are dislodged by covetousness when there is an intermittent craze of rising financial exchange costs. Unavoidably, a lofty downturn at that point delivers misfortunes on speculators and on organizations with an associative decrease in theâ work power. An extreme serious soul will in general actuate unscrupulous strategic policies so the business world turns into a war zone where the typical stan dards are spurned, avoided or just dismissed. The following unsteadiness is terrible for the economy and for the administration. TWO BROAD AREAS OF BUSINESS ETHICS 1. Administrative evil. Madsen and Shafritz, in their book â€Å"Essentials of Business Ethics† clarify that â€Å"managerial mischief† incorporates â€Å"illegal, unscrupulous, or flawed acts of individual directors or associations, just as the reasons for such practices and solutions for kill them.† There has been an extraordinary arrangement expounded on administrative fiendishness, persuading that business morals is simply a matter of lecturing the nuts and bolts of what is good and bad. All the more frequently, however, business morals involves managing situations that have no away from of what is correct or wrong. 2. Moral labyrinths. The other wide zone of business morals is â€Å"moral labyrinths of management† and incorporates the various moral issues that administrators must arrangement with on a day by day premise, for example, expected irreconcilable situations, unfair utilization of assets, blunder of agreements and understandings, and so forth. THREE APPROACHES TO ETHICS The field of morals, likewise called moral way of thinking, includes arranging, safeguarding, and suggesting ideas of good and bad conduct. Thinkers today as a rule partition moral hypotheses into three general branches of knowledge or three primary ways to deal with morals †Normative Ethics, Descriptive Ethics and Meta-Ethics. Regulating ETHICS: This was the pervasive type of morals in theory until the finish of the nineteenth century. What things are acceptable and terrible and what sort of activities/conduct are good and bad. It includes how individuals should follow up on the standards, how they settle on moral decisions, and how rules apply to singular lives. It incorporates a thought of the significance of human opportunity, and a conversation of the constraints of a human’s duty regarding moral

Movie Characters and Their Influence on the Plot

Chapter by chapter list Synopsis O’Neil Johnny Conclusion Synopsis Mr. O’Neil and Johnny seem, by all accounts, to be the principle heroes of the film. The two are brought out as having exceptional qualities that characterize their actual nature. The jobs played by the two characters further make it simple for the peruser to determine ends concerning their conduct patterns.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Movie Characters and Their Influence on the Plot explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More O’Neil Mr. Robert O’Neil is a coldblooded individual who seems, by all accounts, to be narrow minded. He orders his associates to train the slaves in spite of the fact that the slaves have not given any indications of defiance. This was consequently inappropriate since he was still in charge of the circumstance. This characteristic is additionally prove by the way that he arranges the colleagues to give the slaves bits of wood to fil l in as pads. He doesn't regard the slaves as people since he feels that he claims them. The storyteller affirms that he (O’Neil) purchased the slaves from the place that is known for Ibibio with the assent of the ruler. He along these lines feels that he maintains whatever authority is needed to abuse the slaves. His remorselessness is additionally observed when he attests that it is sound for the captives to go on their right side when resting without looking at that as some individuals won't be agreeable in this position. The well known trademark that ‘money is the wellspring of all evils’ is affirmed in the film. O’Neil happens to be a rich individual yet through shrewdness implies. Cash is rarely enough, regardless of that reality that he as of now has a lot of riches; he keeps on being cash disapproved. When moving toward the ruler with the proposition of purchasing the slaves, he affirms that he is prepared to â€Å"get those irritating prisonersâ €  from the place that is known for Ibibio. Here, he implies that he can assist the ruler with getting free of the detainees; it is apparent that his sole design isn't to support the lord; he needs to make increasingly more money. His principle point is benefit amplification thus he couldn't care less if removing the slaves will be an alleviation to the lord of Ibibio or not. He is brought out as a rich individual since he pays additional gold to get them. O’Neil’s’ hard nature specially makes him the aides to guide the captives to take off their garments despite the fact that it was cold. He couldn't care less if the slaves will be influenced by the virus. Ordering the captives to take off their garments was a method of guaranteeing that his vessel stays clean. Despite the fact that these slaves are his primary wellspring of riches, he couldn't care less about their government assistance. This attribute shows exactly how narcissistic he is since all he think s about is his cash, it is unexpected that he doesn't approach his work source with deference despite the fact that it is through it that he has achieved his current financial status. The slaves are denied their respect since they are compelled to remain stripped, besides, it is cold consequently the slaves are compelled to hold one another with the goal that they can feel warmer.Advertising Looking for paper on craftsmanship and structure? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The collaborators are made to torment the slaves in a heartless manner. This makes them to show up as pitiless as him. They follow his requests paying little mind to how barbaric they may appear. He is by all accounts an officer who can control individuals under him. Everything that rotates around his reality is less significant as long as he keeps on making the most of their administrations and riches. The slaves are exhausted however the food given isn't acceptable. Johnny, one of the slaves, whines that the food given does not merit the work they are giving. Since O’Neil is in charge, he utilizes his forces to abuse his subjects. Johnny Knowledgeable Johnny is very much aware that what's to come isn't promising ceaselessly from Ibibio land. He realizes that he will no longer hold his head high; he will no longer have a personality since he will be decreased to an object of work. He has a hunch that his life will never again be the equivalent again after this. He feels worried since he realizes that he has been ripped off his pride. He can break down the circumstance before the genuine encounter since unmistakably the new condition was not promising. Positive thinking is portrayed when Johnny and his better half support each other that they will figure out how to liberate themselves from this circumstance. Johnny realizes that idealism will assist them with seeking after the inconspicuous future. This is in spite of the way that nobody makes certain of what is available, they have no clue about their destiny consequently they can dare to dream that things will support them since they are powerless. In spite of the fact that they have been articulated as Kane’s property, they despite everything trust that they can liberate themselves from him. He knows about his privileges consequently he whines when any of them is disregarded. His solace, food, regard and respect are not given adequately. He considers the new condition as ominous since he despises his privileges. He rushes to understand that the future in this farm isn't promising since his life is made more enthusiastically each spending day. The cloth which should fill in as dress couldn't fill the need of a fabric; it was worn out to the degree that it couldn't shield him from the sun or the virus. He continually grumbles about how poor the functioning conditions are on the grounds that his fundamental needs are not met well.Advertising We wi ll compose a custom paper test on Movie Characters and Their Influence on the Plot explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Johnny is a skimmer. He skims on the best way to get to the staff quarters to see his recently conceived little girl. In spite of the fact that this arrangement doesn't succeed he had arranged it in a manner that could have guaranteed that he was unable to be gotten. He anyway committed an error by confiding in an associate who deceived him. His skimming nature is additionally prove by the manner in which he intends to escape from this land. This arrangement is effective since he doesn't get captured. It was keen of him to leave his significant other and youngster behind since he was certain that they would not endure. He cautiously designs his departure so he could liberate himself from this wretchedness. This time round, he was cautious about the issue of trust. The storyteller expresses that he was progressively cautious about murmurs along the course. End The two heroes seem to have unmistakable character characteristics, while O’Neil has all the earmarks of being brutal, cash disapproved and unfeeling; Johnny is skimming, learned, mindful of his privileges and hopeful. This article on Movie Characters and Their Influence on the Plot was composed and put together by client Zoie Pittman to help you with your own examinations. You are allowed to utilize it for research and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; nonetheless, you should refer to it in like manner. You can give your paper here.

Cognitive Developmental Milestones

Cognitive Developmental Milestones Theories Developmental Psychology Print Cognitive Developmental Milestones By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Reviewed by Reviewed by Amy Morin, LCSW on July 01, 2019 facebook twitter instagram Amy Morin, LCSW, is a psychotherapist, author of the bestselling book 13 Things Mentally Strong People Dont Do, and a highly sought-after speaker. Learn about our Wellness Board Amy Morin, LCSW Updated on October 02, 2019 Stages of Cognitive Development Piaget's Theory Sensorimotor Stage Preoperational Stage Concrete Operational Stage Formal Operational Stage Support and Criticism Aleli Dezmen / Getty Images Cognitive milestones represent important steps forward in a childs development. Throughout human history, babies were often thought of as simple, passive beings. Prior to the 20th-century, children were often seen simply as miniature versions of adults. It wasnt until psychologists like Jean Piaget proposed that children actually think differently than adults do and that people began to view childhood and adolescence as a unique period of growth and development. Adults often dismissed the remarkable intellectual skills of infants and very young children, but modern thinkers and researchers have discovered that babies are in fact always learning, thinking, and exploring the world around them. Even newborn infants are actively taking in information and learning new things. In addition to gathering new information about the people and the world around them, babies are also constantly discovering new things about themselves. From Birth to 3 Months The first three months of a childs life are a time of wonder. Major developmental milestones at this age are centered on exploring the basic senses and learning more about the body and the environment. During this period, most infants begin to: See objects more clearly within a distance of 13 inchesFocus on moving objects, including the faces of caregiversTell between sweet, salty, bitter, and sour tastesDetect differences in pitch and volumeSee all colors in the human visual spectrumRespond to their environment with facial expressionsDemonstrate anticipatory behaviors like rooting and sucking at the site of a nipple or bottle From 3 to 6 Months In early infancy, perceptual abilities are still developing. From the age of three to six months, infants begin to develop a stronger sense of perception. At this age, most babies begin to: Recognize familiar facesRespond to the facial expressions of other peopleRecognize and react to familiar soundsBegin to imitate facial expressions From 6 to 9 Months Looking inside the mind of an infant is no easy task. After all, researchers cannot just ask a baby what he or she is thinking at any given moment. To learn more about the mental processes of infants, researchers have come up with a number of creative tasks that reveal the inner workings of the baby brain. From the age of six to nine months, researchers have found that most infants begin to: Understand the differences between animate and inanimate objectsTell the differences between pictures depicting different numbers of objectsUtilize the relative size of an object to determine how far away it isGaze longer at impossible things  such as an object suspended in midair From 9 to 12 Months As infants become more physically adept, they are able to explore the world around them in greater depth. Sitting up, crawling, and walking is just a few of the physical milestones that allow babies to gain a greater mental understanding of the world around them. As they approach one year of age, most infants are able to: Understand the concept of object permanence, the idea that an object continues to exist even though it cannot be seenImitate gestures and some basic actionsRespond with gestures and soundsLike looking at picture booksManipulate objects by turning them over, trying to put one object into another, etc. From 1 Year to 2 Years After reaching a year of age, childrens physical, social, and cognitive development seems to grow by leaps and bounds. Children at this age spend a tremendous amount of time observing the actions of adults, so it is important for parents and caregivers to set good examples of behavior. Most one-year-olds begin to: Understand and respond to wordsIdentify objects that are similarTell the difference between Me and YouImitate the actions and language of adultsCan point out familiar objects and people in a picture bookLearn through exploration From 2 to 3 Years At two years of age, children are becoming increasingly independent. Since they are now able to better explore the world, a great deal of learning during this stage is the result of their own experiences. Most two-year-olds are able to: Sort objects by category (i.e., animals, flowers, trees, etc.)Stack rings on a peg from largest to smallestImitate more complex adult actions (playing house, pretending to do laundry, etc.)Identify their own reflection in the mirror by nameRespond to simple directions from parents and caregiversName objects in a picture bookMatch objects with their uses From 3 to 4 Years Children become increasingly capable of analyzing the world around them in more complex ways. As they observe things, they begin to sort and categorize them into different categories, often referred to as schemas. Since children are becoming much more active in the learning process, they also begin to pose questions about the world around them. Why? becomes a very common question around this age. At the age of three, most kids are able to: Demonstrate awareness of the past and presentActively seek answers to questionsLearn by observing and listening to instructionsOrganize objects by size and shapeUnderstand how to group and match object according to colorHave a longer attention span of around 5 to 15 minutesAsks why questions to gain information From 4 to 5 Years As they near school age, children become better at using words, imitating adult actions, counting and other basic activities that are important for school preparedness. Most four-year-olds are able to: RhymeName and identify many colorsDraw the shape of a personCount to fiveTell where they liveDraw pictures that they often name and describe Help Kids Reach Cognitive Milestones For many parents, encouraging childrens intellectual development is a point of major concern. Fortunately, children are eager to learn right from the very beginning. While education will soon become an enormous part of a growing childs life, those earliest years are mostly influenced by close family relationships, particularly those with parents and other caregivers. This means that parents are in a unique position to help shape how their children learn, think, and develop. In the home, parents can encourage their childrens intellectual abilities by helping kids make sense of the world around them. When an infant shows interest in an object, parents can help the child touch and explore the item as well as saying what the object is. For example, when a baby looks intently at a toy rattle, the parent might pick up the item and place it in the infants hand saying Does Gracie want the rattle? and then shake the rattle to demonstrate what it does. As kids grow older, parents should continue to encourage their children to actively explore the world. Try to have patience with young children who seem to have an endless array of questions about each and everything around them. Parents can also pose their own questions to help kids become more creative problems solvers. When facing a dilemma, as questions such as What do you think would happen if we…? or What might happen if we….? By allowing kids to come up with original solutions to problems, parents can help encourage both intellectual development and self-confidence.

The Farm Essay - 1589 Words

The Farm In the summer, the creek bubbles and the leaves are in bloom. In the winter that same creek is frozen and everything around it is blank and barren. The memories for me in this part of the world are unforgettable, even though some are happier than others. I can still remember a particular dreadful event on the farm like it was yesterday. I was walking through the house on a hot summer day. I dare not go outside because I knew Id die of heat exhaustion. In the house alone were my sister and I. My mother had run into town to do some errands, and my dad was out on the farm doing some chores. The phone rang and I casually picked it up. It was my dad. â€Å"Adam,† he said, sort of anxiously, â€Å"I need you to come down the†¦show more content†¦That tornado was amazing. My Dad and I were practicing are golf putting on the carpet in our living room. There was no doubt a storm was approaching, but there were no worries of a severe one. After putting my ball into another room, I went to retrieve it. By looking outside, I then knew we were about to be attacked by a killer storm. The tops of the trees were nearly hitting the ground and a large dust cloud flew through the field that was a mere one hundred yards away from my house. Little did I know at the time that the dust cloud was actually the tornado. We had no time to get into the basement, because it had passed before we had even realized it. The towns siren went off after it attacked us, so we had no warning. Its weird, but we had no time to be scared. As I proceeded further I had many more memories, some more striking than others. One was of my Dad pulling my brother and I on sleds while the snow was pouring down. Whenever it snowed on the farm, we always had a great time. Not only did we sled down hills, but we also pulled sleds behind snowmobiles and trucks. My brother had made snow ramps to make the treks even more exciting. 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Igor Sikorsky and the History of the Helicopter

During the mid-1500s, Italian inventor and artist Leonardo Da Vinci (1452–1519) made drawings of an ornithopter flying machine, a fantastical machine that might have flapped its wings like a bird and that some experts say inspired the modern helicopter. In 1784, French inventors named Launoy and Bienvenue demonstrated a toy to the French Academy that had a rotary-wing that could lift and fly. The toy proved the principle of helicopter flight. Origins of the Name In 1863, the French writer Gustave de  Ponton dAmà ©court (1825–1888) was the first person to coin the term helicopter from the Greek words helix for spiral and pter for wings. The very first piloted helicopter was invented by French engineer Paul Cornu (1881–1944) in 1907.  However, his design did not work, and French inventor Etienne Oehmichen (1884–1955) was more successful. He built and flew a helicopter one kilometer in 1924. Another early helicopter that flew for a decent distance was the German Focke-Wulf Fw 61, invented by an unknown designer. Who Invented the Helicopter? The Russian-American aviation pioneer Igor Sikorsky (1889–1972) is considered to be the father of helicopters, not because he was the first to invent it, but because he invented the first successful helicopter upon which further designs were based. One of aviations greatest designers, Sikorsky began work on helicopters as early as 1910. By 1940, Sikorskys successful VS-300 had become the model for all modern single-rotor helicopters. He also designed and built the first military helicopter, the XR-4, which he delivered to the U.S. Army in 1941. Sikorskys helicopters had the control capabilities to fly safely forwards and backward, up and down and sideways. In 1958, Sikorskys rotorcraft company made the worlds first helicopter that had a boat hull. It could land and take off from the water; and floated on water as well. Stanley Hiller In 1944, U.S. inventor Stanley Hiller, Jr. (1924–2006) made the first helicopter with all-metal rotor blades that were very stiff. They allowed the helicopter to fly at speeds much faster than before. In 1949, Stanley Hiller piloted the first helicopter flight across the United States, piloting a helicopter that he invented called the Hiller 360. In 1946, U.S. pilot and pioneer Arthur M. Young (1905–1995) of the Bell Aircraft company designed the Bell Model 47 helicopter, the first helicopter to have a full bubble canopy and the first certified for commercial use. Well-Known Helicopter Models Throughout History SH-60 SeahawkThe UH-60 Black Hawk was fielded by the Army in 1979. The Navy received the SH-60B Seahawk in 1983 and the SH-60F in 1988. HH-60G Pave HawkThe Pave Hawk is a highly-modified version of the Army Black Hawk helicopter and features an upgraded communication and navigation suite. The design includes an integrated inertial navigation/global positioning/Doppler navigation system, satellite communications, secure voice, and Have Quick frequency-hopping communications. CH-53E Super StallionThe Sikorsky CH-53E Super Stallion is the largest helicopter in the western world. CH-46D/E Sea KnightThe CH-46 Sea Knight was first procured in 1964. AH-64D Longbow ApacheThe AH-64D Longbow Apache is the most advanced, versatile, survivable, deployable, and maintainable multi-role combat helicopter in the world. Paul E. Williams  (U.S. patent #3,065,933)On November 26, 1962, African-American inventor Paul E. Williams patented a helicopter named the Lockheed Model 186 (XH-51). It was a compound experimental  helicopter,  and only 3 units were built. Sources and Further Information Fay, John Foster. The Helicopter: History, Piloting, and How it Flies. Sterling Book House, 2007.  Leishman, J. Gordon. Principles of Helicopter Aerodynamics. Cambridge UK: Cambridge University Press, 2000.Prouty, Raymond W., and H. C. Curtiss, Helicopter Control Systems: A History. Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 26.1 (2003): 12–18.

The Goal Free Essays

Jakeshia Moore Mktg 372 Alidee Nov 28, 11 The Goal: A Process of Ongoing Improvement The Goal by Eliyahu Goldatt is a novel, regarding the management and accounting processes at a manufacturing plant. The book focuses around a perhaps older 30- early 40s something industrial engineer, Alex Rogo. With the description Goldatt gives of Rogo, he personifies the profile of a large number of people involved in business administration (Lui 1997). We will write a custom essay sample on The Goal or any similar topic only for you Order Now Alex is married, with two children and his lively-hood is in jeopardy, unless he can figure out exactly how to save his production plant, by understanding â€Å"the goal† of his company. In order for Rogo and the readers to even begin understanding that â€Å"goal†, Eli begins to unravel the novel by introducing the readers to Alex Rogo and apparent problems with his production plant. In the opening of the first chapter these problems meet Mr. Rogo at work, as a confrontation takes place between him and his immediate boss, Division Vice President of their company UniWare, Bill Peach. The dispute takes places over an overdue order number 41427, which happens to be fifty-six days behind schedule. Given this has become the norm for Rogo’s plant, Mr. Peach requires nothing less than for order #41427 to be shipped that day, since the plant is neither profitable nor productive. In fact so many orders, as of late, have been so far behind that it is becoming a major problem for the company and the lively hood of the workers. Therefore, Mr. Peach decides to give Alex three months to turn things at their plant, or he’s prepared to recommend the Bearington plant be shut down. With the amount of time order number 41427 is already late; the pressure is on to get the order out the door and shipped according to Mr. Peach’s specifications. Surprisingly the plant gets the order shipped that night, but not very effectively. All the hands in the plant are working on one order, with forbidden overtime to compensate. Only after dinner with Lou, his controller, does Alex develop a sense of determination to define his mode of constraints. His efficiencies are good, but he can not to put to a finger on what’s causing the problem; and without the Five Steps of Focusing this at first seems impossible. Alex has spent late nights pondering the future of the company. He attempts to identify â€Å"the problem† at his plant, the process he will have to go through to change it, how resistant his plant would be to that change, and how he intends to overcome their resistance. Alex does all of this just in time for Mr. Peach to call a plant managers meeting at the headquarters. On his way to the meeting, Alex learns the problems with efficiency and effectiveness are not only plaguing his plant, but it’s the entire industry. It’s been losing money since Japan entered the manufacturing market and stolen market share from companies in the United States, like their UniWare Division of UniCo. During the meeting with Mr. Peach and the other plant managers, Alex mistakenly comes across a cigar he received from and old friend; a physicist named Jonah, and has an epiphany. Two week prior to the meeting, by pure chance, Alex ran into Jonah and they began to catch up. Alex gave Jonah a run down of his job as plant manager at UniCo, and eagerly described how his firm’s investment in automation (ie. obots) had increased productivity by thirty-six percent. Jonah, in turn questioned Alex about some key identifiers of productivity such as: their ability to decrease inventory, reduce operational expenses, and selling more product. Jonah really asked some in-depth questions to help Alex understand his core problems. Until Jonah predicted their problems with high inventories and not meeting shipping dates, A lex was sure he was simply dealing with some routine problems, not the demise of his entire organizational structure. Jonah explained to Alex that there is only one real â€Å"goal† for any organizations, and anything bringing you closer to achieving that is productive and anything otherwise is unproductive. Productivity, according to Jonah, is defined as accomplishing something in terms of goals. Late for his flight, Jonah uses the Socratic Method to help Alex conclude what â€Å"the goal† of his plant really is. Alex struggles with the questions Jonah ask initially, but eventually discovers and internalizes the concept of the Theory of Constraints. Meanwhile at the meeting, . How to cite The Goal, Papers

Kids getting lazy, fat and disrespectful Essay Example For Students

Kids getting lazy, fat and disrespectful Essay Kids these days are getting lazier, fatter, and more disrespectful. The baseball and soccer fields are empty, and the parks are empty. Kids are just no where to be seen nowadays. Where have they all gone? Well, if you look in the right places, then maybe youll see them. By the right places, I mean in front of our good friends the television, the play station or the computer. Parents should Here are some stats from the U.S. Surgeon Generals office. Almost half of Americans aged 12 to 21 are not vigorously active on a regular basis. About 14 percent of those same kids reported no recent physical activity. Participation in any type of physical activities decrease dramatically as these kids get older. Kids are getting more sedentary every day and theyre paying the price of this lifestyle with their health. For every effect, there has to be a cause, according to the law of cause and effect. There is a specific reason as to why kids of the current generation are lazier and less active, and that is technology. As kids are born into the information age, new technology is readily available for their use. Life has gotten easier as the years progress, as new technology is developed it aid us in our everyday errands. Even though is aid is available to us, kids are starting to become over reliant on it, and they are slowly growing dependent on technology to do the work for them. Before the internet and computers, homework assignments were written neatly by hand, research was done out of books at the library, accounting and finance could be done online and the list just goes on. Everything is done without leaving the comfort of your home. When kids get accustomed to typing everything, or having everything readily available to them through a search engine, they dont have the practice of being able to do things the old fashioned way. Writing with pen and paper takes too much effort, and going to the library is too much of an inconvenience. Through Google or any other major search engines, whatever you need is right at the tip of your fingertips. Phonebooks, encyclopedias, newspapers, even ordering dinner and a movie can be done online. Kids are no longer entertained by physical activities outdoors. The main reason why kids go outside to play is because they enjoy it, and it gives them a chance to be with their friends. Now kids find something else more enjoyable; video games and computer games. They come home from school and plop themselves in front of the TV only to play their newest or favorite game for the next 4 or 5 hours. Once theyve found their comfy spot they are reluctant to leave to do anything that requires physical effort. This is where the concerned parents come in. Instead of leaving them there playing NFL 2K5 for hours on end, why not take them outside to throw around a real football? Youll most likely get a no from them, but be persistent and eventually theyll step outdoors. Whats the worst that could happen? They would be exercising more than just their thumbs?

Luka Lacommande Power of states Essays - World,

Luka Lacommande Power of states 1) Read pages 102-111 in your textbook. 2) Go to the following website: http://www.un.org/en/member-states/index.html 2) Go to the following website: http://www.un.org/en/member-states/index.html 3) On page 105 of your textbook, it states that the UN has 193 recognized sovereign states in 2009. How many are there today? 193 4) Explain the difference between Legislative Power, Executive Power and Judicial Power. 5) Go to the following website: http://www.un.org/en/sections/about-un/overview/index.html Legislative power is to create laws to make the country better, the executive power are the ones who pass the laws that came from the legislative power and the judicial power 'solves''/rearranges the laws and enforces them. Read ever sub-section that describes the UN: * Overview * Member States (you saw this in question 2) * Main Organs * Specialized Agencies * History * Charter * UDHR * Emblem * Official Languages * Nobel Peace Prize 6) Answer the 3 questions on page 104 i) The countries involved in the united nations ii) a supreme ruler iii)The US trying to implement their democracy in other countries 7) Answer the two questions on page 107 i) the action of governing. Ruling your country ii) It is unnecessary because we are all different. It would be too difficult to manage a whole world, we can be united but separated at the same time. Each place is ruled differently and it's better like that. 8) What are the countries associated with the G8? Why these countries? 9) Read the following website: http://g7.stateofchange.co/2017-g7-summit-to-focus-on-africa-and-migration/ Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, UK and the US (8 countries). These countries because these states alone represent about 2/3 of the gross world product. 10) Why is there a G7 instead of a G8 this year? Could this number change again this year? Because Russia got kicked out. It could. 11) What is the G20 and why are these countries selected? G20 is a group of 20 countries in the United Nations that are industrialized and all together represent 90% of the GWP and 80% of the world's population. They are selected because they together have the best GWP. If you are done your work early, please read pages 112-113.

Biography of Henry Ford, Industrialist and Inventor

Biography of Henry Ford, Industrialist and Inventor Henry Ford was an American  industrialist, the founder of the  Ford Motor Company, and the sponsor of the development of the  assembly line  technique of  mass production. Fast Facts: Henry Ford Known For: American industrialist, founder of the Ford Motor Company.Born: July 30, 1863, Dearborn, Michigan.Parents: Mary Litogot Ahern Ford (1839–1876) and William Ford (1826- 1905) (m. April 21, 1861).Died: April 7, 1947, Dearborn, Michigan.Education: Scotch Settlement School in Dearborn to the 6th grade, apprentice in a machine shop, and general business studies at Bryant Stratton Business University in Detroit.  Published Works: My Life and Work.  Spouse: Clara Jane Bryant (m. 1888–1947).Children: Edsel (November 6, 1893–May 26, 1943). Early Life Henry Ford was born on July 30, 1863, one of eight and the oldest of five that survived to adulthood, of Mary Litogot Ahern and William Ford. William (1826–1905) was an Irish immigrant, born in Clonakilty in County Cork, who fled the Irish potato famine with two borrowed pounds and  a set of carpentry tools. He settled in Detroit where a number of his uncles lived, and quickly accrued land. At three years of age, Mary Litogot Ahern (1839–1876) and her three brothers were orphaned; Mary was adopted by a couple named Margaret and Patrick Ahern. She and William married on April 21, 1861: Marys dowry included 90 acres and after they were married, their sizable farm totaled 250 acres. By the time Henry was born, they were among the most important and wealthy families in Dearborn.   Education Henry was educated in two one-room schoolhouses, the Scottish Settlement School and the Miller School, finishing six grades. The building was eventually moved to Fords Greenfield village and opened to tourists. From his graduation in 1876 Henry worked on his fathers farm but after harvest 1878, he abruptly left, walking off without permission to Detroit where he stayed with his fathers sister Rebecca. He took a job at the streetcar manufacturer Michigan Car Company Works, but was fired after six days and had to return home. In 1879, William got Henry an apprenticeship at the James Flower and Brothers Machine shop in Detroit where he lasted 9 months, leaving for the Detroit Dry Dock Company, pioneers in iron ships and Bessemer steel. Neither job paid him enough to cover his rent, so he took a night job with a jeweler, cleaning and repairing watches.   Henry Ford returned to the farm in 1882, where he operated a small portable steam threshing machine, the Westinghouse Agricultural Engine, for a neighbor. He was very good at it, and over the summers of 1883–1884, he was hired by the company to operate and repair engines made and sold in Michigan and northern Ohio.   Marriage and Future Plans In December of 1885, Ford met Clara Jane Bryant (1866–1950) at a New Years Eve party and they married on April 11, 1888. Ford continued to work the farm- his father gave him an acreage- but his heart was in tinkering and and he clearly had business in mind. Over the winters of 1888-1890, Henry Ford enrolled in Goldsmith, Bryant Stratton Business University in Detroit, where he likely took penmanship, bookkeeping, mechanical drawing, and general business practices. By the early 1890s, Ford was convinced that he could construct a horseless carriage: but he didnt know enough about electricity, so in September 1891, he took a job with the Edison Illuminating Company in Detroit. After his first and only son Edsel was born on November 6, 1893, Ford was promoted to Chief Engineer. By 1896, Edison had built his first working horseless carriage, which he named a quadricyle. He sold it in order to finance work on an improved model- a delivery wagon. On April 17, 1897, Ford applied for a patent for a carburetor, and on August 5, 1899, the Detroit Automobile Company was formed. Ten days later, Ford quit the Edison Illuminating Company.  And on January 12, 1900, the Detroit Automobile Company released the delivery wagon as its first commercial automobile, designed by Henry Ford. Ford Motors Ford incorporated the Ford Motor Company in 1903, proclaiming, I will build a car for the great multitude. In October 1908, he did so, the Model T- Ford numbered his models by the letters of the alphabet, although not all of them made it to manufacture. First priced at $950, over the Model Ts nineteen years of production, its price dipped as low as $280. Nearly 15,000,000 were sold in the United States alone. The Model T heralds the beginning of the Motor Age; Fords innovation was a car evolved from luxury item for the well-to-do to an essential form of transportation for the ordinary man, that that ordinary man could repair and maintain by himself Although contrary to some reports he didnt invent the assembly line, Ford did use it to revolutionize manufacturing processes in the United States. By 1914, his Highland Park, Michigan plant used innovative production techniques to turn out a complete chassis every 93 minutes. This was a stunning improvement over the earlier production time of 728 minutes. Using a constantly-moving assembly line, subdivision of labor, and careful coordination of operations, Ford realized huge gains in productivity, and personal wealth. In 1914, Ford began paying his employees five dollars a day, nearly doubling the wages offered by other manufacturers. He cut the workday from nine to eight hours in order to convert the factory to a three-shift workday. Fords mass-production techniques would eventually allow for the manufacture of a Model T every 24 seconds. His innovations made him an international celebrity. On May 27, 1927, production ended for the Ford Model T. Legacy and Death Ford was a shrewd businessman and very much of a showman, with a fairly thin skin. In 1919 he sued the Chicago Tribune for libel for writing an editorial in which the  Tribune  called him an anarchist and ignorant idealist.  He wrote and rewrote his biography multiple times beginning in 1922, and he sponsored the restoration of an idyllic rural town called Greenfield Village which was built in part to act as a tourist destination celebrating his life and work. Yet, Ford continued to innovate. In 1932, Henry Ford introduced his last engineering triumph: his en block, or one piece, V-8 engine; and on January 13, 1942, he patented a plastic-bodied automobile- a car 30 percent lighter than metal cars. Fords affordable Model T irrevocably altered American society. As more Americans owned cars, urbanization patterns changed. The United States saw the growth of suburbia, the creation of a national highway system, and a population entranced with the possibility of going anywhere anytime. Ford witnessed many of these changes during his lifetime, all the while personally longing for the agrarian lifestyle of his youth. The last few years, Henry Ford visibly slowed down, and on April 7, 1947, he died in his home in Dearborn. Controversy There is unfortunately ample evidence that Ford was a bigot, whose writings include several statements referring to white supremacy. According to a recent article in Quartz, even though he hired black employees and paid them the same as white ones, he was concerned that they and his other workers would be infected by the evil of jazz music, so he suggested that square dancing could be put forward as an alternative place where white people could hang out.   Sources Bryan, Ford R. Clara: Mrs. Henry Ford. Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 2013.Ford, Henry. My Life and Work. Fords memoir was published several times and with numerous editions, the book was first written, in association with Samuel Crowther, in 1922.Lewis, David L. The Public Image of Henry Ford: An American Folk Hero and His Company. Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1976.Pennacchia, Robyn. America’s wholesome square dancing tradition is a tool of white supremacy. Quartz, December 12, 2017.Swigger, Jessica. History Is Bunk: Historical Memories at Henry Fords Greenfield Village. University of Texas, 2008.Wik, Reynold M. Henry Ford and Grass-roots America. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press, 1973.Wood, John Cunningham and Michael C. Wood (eds). Henry Ford: Critical Evaluations in Business and Management, Volume 1. London: Routledge, 2003.

Explain why it is necessary for marketers to deploy different product Essay

Explain why it is necessary for marketers to deploy different product growth strategies in relation to market development opportunities. Provide examples to support your answers - Essay Example at are limited in a particular state; other criteria for the differentiation of marketing plans used in various industrial sector can be also set – taking into consideration the consumer preferences, the characteristics of the target market and the resources available. The need for the alignment of marketing strategies with specific demands and rules is extensively highlighted in the literature. In this context, it is noted that ‘globalization of business has created the need for international public relations practitioners to identify, study and understand the world views, mindsets, and habits of their global publics in order to effectively communicate’ (Ihator, 2000, 38). In any case, culture is considered to be a significant criterion for the development of marketing strategies – a view which is in accordance with the study of Tan (2002); Taylor (2002) also emphasizes on the importance of culture for marketing plans in all industrial sectors. Other crite ria, like the condition of the advertised product (Zhang et al., 1996, 40), have been considered as the potential basis for the development of marketing policies. Current paper focuses on the examination of the importance of market development opportunities for the product growth strategies deployed by marketers in various industrial sectors. It is proved through this study that marketers tend to be influenced by the market development opportunities when having to design a product growth strategy; however, the above dependency is not standardized – it is a relationship which is strongly depended on the willingness of marketers to use the market development opportunities as the basis for a product’s marketing policy; examples are provided that justify further – referring to the existing literature – the above assumptions. Through the decades, different criteria are set for the promotions of products and services in the market. The specific issue is highlighted in the study of Yelpaala (1994) where

Cultural Criticism of My Dad Is A Liar Commercial Essay

Cultural Criticism of My Dad Is A Liar Commercial - Essay Example In the first section of the commercial the girl is praising her father. It starts by her acknowledging that her father is the sweetest father in the world. She continues praising him and the scene changes from the street where they were taking a walk to a different scene and it keeps on changing to support each description that she gives about her father. The commercial in this case is using video to paint and support the girl’s descriptions of the father. This makes the message more vivid and straightforward to the viewers. The girl’s short phrases and childish tone brings about a cheery mood. This mood is backed up by lively background music. This is to make the commercial tone vibrant.The second part of the commercial introduces contrast into the commercial. While the first part of the commercial was vibrant and full of praises for the father, the second part begins by the girl declaring that the father is a liar. This is a contradicting statement to all that was sai d in the first part and it introduces shock. The tone in this section drastically changes from a vibrant tone to an emotional and sentimental one. This new tone and mood can be noted from the change in background music. The emotional and sentimental moods can also be seen from the change in voice variation of the girl; she speaks quietly and slowly in this section. Film has also been used to enhance these new tones. The facial expression of the father changes after he reads the statement declaring that he is a liar.

Partial Rate of Diffusion of Potassium Dichromate

Partial Rate of Diffusion of Potassium Dichromate ABSTRACT Diffusion is the process where molecules spread into spaces. It was observed that the formation of ammonium chloride was near the hydrochloric acid meaning the ammonia diffused faster. One factor that affects the rate of it is the molecular weight of a substance. If molecular weight affects the rate of diffusion, then, the higher or lower the molecular weight the slower or faster the rate of diffusion. To test this factor, a drop of potassium dichromate, potassium permanganate, and methylene blue were placed on each wells of the petri dish containing agar water gel. After thirty minutes, the partial rate and average rate of diffusion are calculated and the results showed that the substance with the lowest molecular weight, potassium permanganate, diffuses fastest. The molecular weight affects the rate of diffusion, the lighter the molecular weight the slower the rate of diffusion and vice versa. The molecular weight of the substance is inversely proportional to the rate of diffusion. INTRODUCTION Diffusion is the process where the molecules of solid, liquid or gas spread spontaneously to occupy a space. Gas molecules are the fastest to diffuse since their molecules are scattered from one another. The molecules of diffusion moves randomly and they spread into available space (Mendoza E, 2003). Hydrochloric acid is formed by mixture of hydrogen ion and chlorine ion. According to the Lewis’ theory of acids and bases, hydrochloric acid is an acid because an element (chlorine) was paired to a hydrogen ion and when it is dissolved in water, it produces hydrogen ion (Ebbing and Gammon, 2011). A 0.1M of hydrochloric acid has a pH level of 1 meaning it is strong enough to dissolved iron nails (Mendoza E, 2003). Hydrochloric acid has a molecular weight of about 36.46 g/mol and can be found inside our stomach because it helps on the digestion of the food we eat (Reece et al, 2005). Ammonium hydroxide is a base because it produces hydroxide ion when dissolves in water. The ammonium hydroxide decomposes forming ammonia and water. In a decomposition reaction, a compound turns into simpler substances or elements. The ammonia has a molecular weight of about 17.031 g/mol and water has about 18g/mol (Mendoza E, 2003). When ammonium hydroxide breaks down into ammonia and water, since hydrochloric acid is an acid, when it is dissolved in water, it will produce hydrogen ion. On the other hand, the chlorine ion(C ) will react with ammonia (N). This reaction is called synthesis reaction (HCl + N O → NCl + +O) (Mendoza E, 2003). From the reaction, ammonium chloride is produced by the synthesis of ammonia and chlorine ion. The ammonia and hydrochloric acid spread to available space until they meet. After they met, a reaction of white powder is formed. The ring is near to the hydrochloric acid compare to the ammonia (France C. 2014) There are many factors that affect the rate of diffusion. When heat is applied, the molecules moves quicker, making the solute dissolves faster. The diffusion rate also increased by stirring where molecules move faster between the molecules of water. Diffusion is also affected by the density of the solvent where diffusion is slower when it has a higher density (Lozano Sandico, 2003). Molecular weight also affects the rate of diffusion. Lighter particles diffuse faster than heavy particles It has an inverse proportionality where the smaller the size of the particles, the faster the rate of diffusion (Tro, 2008). The difference in concentration can affect the rate of diffusion too. The distance of diffusion also affects the rate of it where it takes time to diffuse a particle for farther place. Permeability is also a factor of diffusion where if the substance does not permit a substance to pass through it, thus, there will be no diffusion (Meyertholen E., 2014) Based on the observation, the ammonium hydroxide decomposed into ammonia (N) and water (O), while the hydrochloric acid decomposed into hydrogen ion() and chlorine ion (C). A single displacement had occurred from the ammonia and hydrochloric acid, forming ammonium chloride (NCl). This substance appeared in the tube in the presence of a white smoke. With this, data were obtained to know how molecular weight affects the diffusion of a certain substance. As seen in table 4.1, comparing the ratio of the distances from the two substances up to the smoke over the total distance, the ratio of the ammonia are bigger than the ratio of the hydrochloric acid. But on the first trial, the ratio of hydrochloric acid over total distance is bigger by 0.2cm compared to the ammonia. Using the formula, the ratio of the ammonia over the ratio of hydrochloric acid is used to get the average ratio. With ammonia having a molecular weight of about 17.031 g/mol and the hydrochloric acid having a molecular we ight of about 36.46 g/mol, the lighter the molecular weight of the substance, the faster the diffusion is. However, the molecules of the substances on the observation cannot be seen. Table 4.1. The ratios of the distances from the hydrochloric acid over total distance, from the ammonia over total distance, and ammonia over hydrochloric acid. Trial Distance(cm) (d) Total Distance (D) Ratio d HCl d N 1 19.2 18.7 37.9 0.51 0.49 0.96 2 15.0 20.5 35.5 0.42 0.58 1.38 3 16.8 20.0 36.8 0.46 0.54 1.17 4 17.5 18.5 36.0 0.49 0.51 1.04 This study aimed to determine how molecular weight affects the rate of diffusion. The specific objectives are: To explain the relationship between molecular weight and the rate of diffusion of a certain substance. To prove if molecular weight affects the rate of diffusion, then, the higher or lower the molecular weight the slower or faster the rate of diffusion. MATERIALS AND METHODS To find out if the molecular weight of a substance affects the rate of diffusion, a petri dish of agar water gel with three wells, potassium dichromate (C), potassium permanganate (KMn), and methylene blue were used. The diameter of each well is measured in millimetre using a ruler. Then, a drop of potassium dichromate, potassium permanganate, and methylene blue were dropped on each wells of the petri dish containing agar water gel. It was immediately covered to prevent it from drying. At a three-minute interval for thirty minutes, by lifting the petri dish, the diameter of the coloured area is measured. Using the collected data in the setup, a line graph was used to compare the rate of each substance’s diffusion. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION On the experiment, potassium dichromate, potassium permanganate, and methylene blue in agar-water gel inside the petri dish were used to determine the partial rate and the average rate of diffusion. After 30 minutes of observing, the diameter of the potassium permanganate has the biggest among the rest which is 14, compared to the potassium dichromate which is 12 and to methylene blue which is 11. The average rate of diffusion is calculated by the formula: Where: df= final diameter do= initial diameter t= total time While the partial diffusion rate is calculated by the formula Where: dx=diameter at a given time dx-1= diameter immediately before dx tx= time when dx measured tx-1= time immediately before tx Table 4.2. Rate of diffusion of potassium dichromate, potassium permanganate, and methylene blue in agar-water gel inside the petri dish for 30 minutes. Time (Minute) Diameter (mm) Potassium Permanganate (MW 158g/mol) Potassium Dichromate (MW 294g/mol) Methylene blue (MW 374g/mol) 0 3 3 3 3 6 5 5 6 8 7 6 9 10 8 7 12 11 9 7 15 12 9 8 18 12 10 9 21 13 10 9 24 13 11 10 27 13 11 10 30 14 12 11 Table 4.3. Partial rate of diffusion of potassium dichromate, potassium permanganate, and methylene blue in agar-water gel inside the petri dish for 30 minutes. Time elapsed (minute) Partial rates of diffusion(mm/min) Potassium Permanganate (MW 158g/mol) Potassium Dichromate (MW 294g/mol) Methylene blue (MW 374g/mol) 3 1.00 0.67 0.67 6 0.67 0.67 0.33 9 0.67 0.33 0.33 12 0.33 0.33 0.00 15 0.33 0.00 0.33 18 0.00 0.33 0.33 21 0.33 0.00 0.00 24 0.00 0.33 0.33 27 0.00 0.00 0.00 30 0.33 0.33 0.33 Average rate of diffusion (mm/min.) 0.367 0.300 0.267 Figure 4.3. A bar graph comparing the average rate of diffusion of potassium dichromate, potassium permanganate, and methylene blue in agar-water gel inside the petri dish. Figure 4.4. A bar graph comparing the partial rate of diffusion of potassium dichromate, potassium permanganate, and methylene blue in agar-water gel inside the petri dish. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION To test the hypothesis, an experiment was performed to test if the molecular weight affects the rate of diffusion, then, the higher or lower the molecular weight the slower or faster the rate of diffusion. An observation using a glass rod to measure the distance on how far the particles of the hydrochloric acid and ammonia travelled until both of them had a chemical reaction producing ammonium chloride. Ammonia that has 17.031 g/mol travelled faster than the hydrochloric acid that has 36.46 g/mol. The experiment was done to support the observation because it is more clearly and visible to the naked eye because the diffusion can be observe in this setup. The potassium permanganate having a diameter of 14 is the biggest among them. The average rate of diffusion of each substances was calculated and the result is potassium permanganate has the fastest rate of 0.367mm/min. potassium permanganate has the lightest molecular weight of 158g/mol. Based from the setup that was performed, the substance that has the lightest molecular weight has the fastest rate of diffusion. This study confirmed the hypothesis where the molecular weight affects the rate of diffusion, the lighter the molecular weight the slower the rate of diffusion and vice versa. The molecular weight of the substance is inversely proportional to the rate of diffusion. However, some errors were made during the experiment like the unequal amounts of the substances placed in the petri dish, methylene blue was spilled from the well, and the three substances are not measured at exactly every three minutes. This study needs further research because there are also other factors other than the molecular weight that could affect the rate of diffusion. It is recommended to research and study other factors that can affect the rate of diffusion. LITERATURE CITED Cain, M.L., Jackson, R.B., Minorsky, P.V., Reece, J.B., Urry L.A., and Wasserman, S.A.2011. Campbell Biology 9th Edition. USA: Pearson Education Inc. p. 53. Ebbing,D. and Gammon, S. D. 2009. General Chemistry Enhanced Edition. USA: Cengage Learning Inc. p. 143-144. France C. 2014. Elements, Compounds and Mixtures: Information retrieval. http://gcsescience.com/e17- ammonium-chloride-reversible.htm> Accessed October 12, 2014. Lozano L.F. and Sandico P.M. C.2003. Science and Technology for the Future II. Makati City: Diwa Learning System Inc. p. 110. Mendoza, E.E.2003. Phoenix Science Series Chemistry. Quezon City: Phoenix Publishing House, Inc. p. 163, 244, 299, 305. Meyertholen E. 2014. Diffusion II: Information retrieval. http://austincc.edu/emeyerth/ diffuse2.htm> Accessed October 13, 2014. Tro, N. J.2008. A Molecular Approach.Oregon, USA: GEX Publishing Services. p. 229.   Ã‚  

Importance of Biodiesel

IMPORTANCE OF BIODIESEL The world’s accessible oil reservoirs are gradually depleting due to a burgeoning demand of fossil fuels. Owing to the enormous dependency of transport vehicles running on gasoline engines, the development of bio-gasoline may well reduce the dependence of the fuel market on fossil fuels. Biofuel development has gained the attention of researchers in recent years owing to the rate of depletion of fossil fuels. Several processes are currently employed in the conventional production ofdifferent biofuels: the production of biodiesel is catalytically performed either through the transesterification of triglycerides using alcohol or the deoxygenative ecofining of triglycerides in a nonalcoholic environment; bio-oil is produced by the pyrolysis of biomass; bio-ethanol is produced by thefermentation of sugars obtained from starch or cellulosic based biomass, while bio-gasoline is producedfrom the catalytic cracking of triglycerides. The present work investigates the suitability of mesuaferrea (nahar) oil seed as a source of alternative fuel in CI engines. Non-edible straight vegetable oil obtained from mesuaferreaseeds was extracted using a solvent extraction technique. The catalytic cracking mesuaferrea seed oil to biofuel was studied in a microwave reactor with selected catalysts at . 500-600? C The thermo-physical and chemical properties of straight mesuaferrea oil were determined. The flash point, kinematic viscosity, and density of the straight mesuaferrea oil were found to be much higher than diesel, though the calorific value was found to be lower. The variation in thermo-physical and chemical properties of various blends of straight mesuaferrea oil and diesel were studied after fraction of biofuel products may be obtained at different temp. The present study also report on the use of nahar oil as a potential source of biodiesel that can be used as a partial substitute for fossil fuels.

Managerial Economics Chapter 5 and 6 Homework Essay

Part A: A firm maximizes profit when it equates MRPL = (MR) *(MPL) = MCL MPL= dQ/dL =1 – L/400 Therefore (40)*(1-L/400) = 20. The solution is L = 200. In turn, Q = 200 – (2002/800). The solution is Q = 150. The firms profit is= PQ – (MC)L= ($40) (150) – ($20) (200) = $2,000 Part B Price increase to $50: Q = Dresses per week L= Number of labor hours per week Q = L –L2/800 MCL=$20 P= $50 A firm maximizes profit when it equates MRPL = (MR) *(MPL) = MCL MPL= dQ/dL =1 – L/400 Therefore (50)*(1-L/400) = 20. The solution is L = 240. In turn, Q = 240 – (2402/800). The solution is Q = 168. The firms profit is ($40) (168) – ($20) (240) = $1,920 Optimal output of the firm would increase from 150 to 168, and labor would increase from 200 to 240, resulting in a decrease in profit to $1,920. Part B inflation in labor and output price: Assuming a 10% increase IN LABOR COST AND OUTPUT PRICE†¦ Q = Dresses per week L= Number of labor hours per week Q = L –L2/800 MCL=$20.20 (20*.10) P= $40.40 ($40*.10) A firm maximizes profit when it equates MRPL = (MR) *(MPL) = MCL MPL= dQ/dL =1 – L/400 Therefore (40.40)*(1-L/400) = 20.20. The solution is L = 200. In turn, Q = 200 – (2002/800). The solution is Q = 150. The firms profit is ($40.40) (150) – ($20.20) (200) = $2,020 Optimal output of the firm would remain the same at 150, and labor would remain the same at 200, however, there would be an increase in profit to $2,020 to correspond to the percentage increase in output price and labor cost (in this example 10%). Part C 25% increase in MPL: The marginal cost of labor would increase by the same percentage amount as price (25%), therefore the Marginal Cost of labor would increase from 20 to 25. Therefore 50 – L/8 =25 and L=200 Output and hours of labor remain unchanged due to the fact that price and cost of labor increase by same percentage amounts ALSO SEE PART B ABOVE INFLATION EXAMPLE I MADE DENOTING 10 PERCENT INCREASE IN LABOR AND OUTPUT. Chapter 5 Question 12 Page 220 Part A: Q = 100(1.01).5(1).4 = 100.50. Compare this to the original of Q=100 and we can determine that Output increases by .5%. The power coefficient measures the elasticity of the output with respect to the input. A 1% increase in labor produces a (.5)(1) = .5% increase in output. Part B: Dr. Ghosh- per my e-mail I was a bit confused with this question based on your lecture notes (as your notes state that BOTH inputs must change for a returns to scale to be determined) , so I have two different opinions. Opinion 1- The nature of returns to scale in production depends on the sum of the exponents, ÃŽ ±+ÃŽ ². Decreasing returns exist if ÃŽ ±+ÃŽ ²Ã‹â€š 1. The sum of the power coefficients is .5 + .4 < 1, the production function exhibits decreasing returns to scale where output increases in a smaller proportion than input. This is reflected in Part A of this problem where a 1% increase in labor (input) results in a .5% increase in output. Opinion 2- BOTH inputs must be changed in the same proportion (according to your lecture notes). Therefore, in this question I am confused. Only one of the inputs are being changed. Does this concept not apply, and is my original answer incorrect? I don’t see any scale where only one of the inputs are changed†¦As such, if both inputs MUST be changed then returns to scale can not be determined for this question as only L was originally changed. Chapter 6 Question 6 Part B Page 265 (part A not required) Demand is P = 48 – Q/200 Costs are C = 60,000 + .0025Q2. Therefore the TR= 48Q-Q2/200, and the derivative MR function would be MR = 48 – Q/100. The firm maximizes profit by setting MR = MC. Therefore, MR = 48 – Q/100 and MC = .005Q. Setting MR = MC (48 – Q/100) = .005Q results in: Q* = 3,200. In turn, P* = $32 (where 48-3200/200). Chapter 6 Question 8 Page 265 CE= 250,000 +1,000Q + 5Q2 $2,000= Cost of Frames and assembly P= 10,000-30Q Part A: Marginal Cost of producing an additional engine†¦ CE = 250,000 +1,000Q +5Q2 MCE = d/dQ (250,000 +1,000Q + 5Q2) =10Q + 1,000 MCCycle=MCEngine +MCframes and assembly; therefore MCCylce = 1,000+ 2,000 +10Q The inverse demand function provided in the text was P= 10,000-30Q TR = (P)*(Q) = (10,000-30Q)*Q =10,000Q – 30Q2 Obtain the derivative of this function to find MR: MR=d/dQ =(10,000Q – 30Q2) MR=10,000 – 60Q MR = MC 10,000 – 60Q = 1,000 + 2,000 +10Q 7,000 = 70Q Q=100 (profit maximizing output) P= 10,000 – 30Q =10,000 -30(100) Profit Maximizing Price=7,000 Therefore the Marginal Cost of producing an engine =1,000 + 10Q (q=100 from solving above) =2,000 MCEngine Marginal Cost of Producing a Cycle From equation developed above†¦ MCCycle = 1,000 +2,000 +10Q =1,000 +2,000 + 10(100) =$4,000 MCCycle Part B: Since the firm can produce engines at a Marginal Cost of $2,000, the opportunity to buy from another firm at a greatly reduced Marginal Cost of $1,400 would be sensible. MCEngine=$1,400 MR = MC 10,000 – 60Q = 2,000 +1,400 10,000- 60Q = 3400 Q=110 (profit maximizing output) P = 10,000 – 30(110) =6,700 profit maximizing price Therefore the firm should buy the engine since the engine produced by the firm is more than the engine provided by the other firm. Chapter 6 Question 10 Page 266 Part A: Revenue is P*Q. Obtain Marginal Cost function through 160 + 16Q + 0.1Q2 FOC (derivative of above equation) 16 + 0.2Q= MC From the P= 96 – .4Q we can determine that total revenue = 96Q – .4Q2 and the derivative or FOC is thus 96 – .8Q= MR Set MC = MR 16 + 0.2Q = 96 – 0.8Q Q=80 We solve for P by plugging this into our original equation P= 96-.4(80) P=64 Profit = 5,120 (80*64) – 2,080 (160 + 16*80 + .1(80)2) = $3,040 Part B: C =160 + 16Q + .1Q2 AC= (160+16Q+.1Q^2)/Q MC=d/dQ(160 + 16Q + .1Q2) MC=16 + .2Q AC=MC 160/Q + 16 + .1Q = 16 + .2Q 160/Q = .1Q .1Q2 =160 Q= 40 Average cost of production is minimized at 40 units, she is correct as AC = MC (see below). AC = 960/40 =24 MC = 16 + (.2) ($40) = $24 However, optimal output is Q=80 where MR = MC, therefore her second claim of 40 units as the firm’s profit maximizing level of output is incorrect. P = 96 – .4 (40) P=$80 TR = 80*40 =3,200 C = 160 + 16Q + .1Q2 =960 Profit = Revenue – Cost = 3,200 – 960 = 2,240 therefore output at 80 is greater than the profit at 40. Part C: We learned from part a the single plant cost is $2,080 or (160 + 16*80 + .1(80)2). If two plants were open each producing the minimum level of output detailed in part B (Q=40) then total cost would be (Q)*(AC) = 24*80 = $1,920. You can compare this to the cost in part A of $2,080 and determine it is cheaper to produce using the two plants.

Economic Growth and Poverty Alleviation - 4151 Words

Does Economic Growth lead to Poverty Alleviation? Please compare and contrast very briefly the experiences of China, India and Brazil. What lessons can an African country of your choice learn from these experiences? INTRODUCTION The last few decades witnessed a rapid economic growth in developing countries. However, over 88% of the 1.2 Billion world poor (Olinto et al, 2013) live in these countries. (Appendix: Table 1.1) This phenomenon poses the question if the recent growth has been pro-poor . This essay argues that growth output alone is not sufficient for poverty alleviation; rather complementary measures and policies need to exist to create sustainable pro-poor growth. The essay has been organized as follows: First,†¦show more content†¦In the Lewis Theory (Todaro and Smith, 2011), surplus labour from the rural subsistence sector is gradually transferred to urban industrial sector for higher productivity. The rural-urban migration, in the long run, may result in urban unemployment, wage decrease, loss of agricultural productivity, debt accumulation, monopolization, lack of access to credit and insurance, and social exclusion. Amartya Sen (1999) described economic growth as a crucial means for expanding the substantive freedoms that people value. But in reality, in India, more than 270,000 farmers caught in a debt trap have committed suicide since 1995. (Shiva, 2013; Sainath 2013) According to Gini index , global inequality is 0.7 points today (Milanovic, 2005) while it is between 4.5 – 4.7 for developing countries that saw a proliferation of economic activities in the recent past (Appendix: Figure 2.4 and 2.5) The Kuznet’s curve , on the other hand, tells a different story about inequality. (Kuznets, 1955; Appendix: Figure 2.6). The inequality seen in developing countries is part of the development and will phase out as more growth is achieved. 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For these countries, on average a 1 percent increase in per capita income reduced poverty by 1.7 percentRead MoreRole of Microfinance:- The micro credit of microfinance program was first initiated in the year600 Words   |  3 Pagesproviding credit to the poor without collateral , alleviating poverty and unleashing human creativity and endeavor of the poor people. Microfinance impact studies have demonstrated that : †¢ Microfinance helps poor households meet basic needs and protects them against risks. †¢ The use of financial services by low-income households leads to improvements in household economic welfare and enterprise stability and growth. †¢ By supporting women’s economic participation, microfinance empowers women, thereby promoting